NUC975DK61Y - Lipotoloho tse kopantsoeng, tse kentsoeng, li-microcontrollers - NUVOTON Technology Corporation

1 Tlhaloso ea Microcontroller

Kaha microcontroller ke yuniti ea logic ea arithmetic, memori, timer / calculator, le li-circuits tse fapa-fapaneng / O, joalo-joalo tse kopantsoeng le chip, tse etsang mokhoa oa motheo oa computing system, e boetse e tsejoa e le single-chip microcomputer.

Lenaneo le ka har'a memori ea microcontroller le sebelisoang haufi-ufi le lisebelisoa tsa microcontroller le li-circuits tsa peripheral hardware, le khetholloa ho tsoa ho software ea PC, 'me le bitsoa lenaneo la microcontroller e le firmware.Ka kakaretso, microprocessor ke CPU ka potoloho e le 'ngoe e kopantsoeng, ha microcontroller e le CPU, ROM, RAM, VO, timer, joalo-joalo kaofela ka potoloho e le 'ngoe e kopantsoeng.Ha e bapisoa le CPU, microcontroller ha e na matla a matla a khomphutha, ebile ha e na MemoryManaaement Unit, e etsang hore microcontroller e khone ho sebetsana le taolo e le 'ngoe feela le e bonolo, logic, le mesebetsi e meng,' me e sebelisoa haholo taolong ea lisebelisoa, ts'ebetso ea lets'oao la sensor. le mafapha a mang, joalo ka lisebelisoa tse ling tsa lapeng, lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, jj.

2 Sebopeho sa microcontroller

Microcontroller e na le likarolo tse 'maloa: processor e bohareng, memori, le ho kenya / ho tsoa:

- Central processor:

Mochine o bohareng ke karolo ea mantlha ea MCU, ho kenyelletsa le likarolo tse peli tsa mantlha tsa opareitara le molaoli.

-Mosebelisi

Opareitara e na le yuniti ya arithmetic & logical (ALU), accumulator le direjista, jj. Karolo ya ALU ke ho etsa dipalo kapa mesebetsi e utlwahalang ho data e kenang.ALU e khona ho eketsa, ho ntša, ho bapisa kapa ho bapisa boholo ba lintlha tsena tse peli, 'me qetellong e boloke sephetho ho accumulator.

Opareitara e na le mesebetsi e 'meli:

(1) Ho etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea lipalo.

(2) Ho etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng e utloahalang le ho etsa liteko tse utloahalang, tse kang teko ea boleng ba zero kapa papiso ea litekanyetso tse peli.

Mesebetsi eohle e etsoang ke opareitara e laoloa ke matšoao a taolo a tsoang ho molaoli, 'me, ha ts'ebetso ea arithmetic e hlahisa sephetho sa lipalo, ts'ebetso e utloahalang e hlahisa qeto.

-Molaoli

Molaoli o entsoe ka k'haontara ea lenaneo, rejisetara ea litaelo, sehatisi sa litaelo, jenereithara ea nako le molaoli oa ts'ebetso, joalo-joalo. Ke "sehlopha se etsang liqeto" se fanang ka litaelo, ke hore, ho hokahanya le ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso ea sistimi eohle ea microcomputer.Mesebetsi ea eona ea mantlha ke:

(1) Ho khutlisa taelo mohopolong le ho supa sebaka sa taelo e latelang mohopolong.

(2) Ho khetholla le ho leka taelo le ho hlahisa lets'oao le ts'oanang la taolo ea ts'ebetso ho thusa ho etsa ketso e boletsoeng.

(3) E tsamaisa le ho laola tsela ea phallo ea data lipakeng tsa CPU, memori, le lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya le tse tsoang.

Microprocessor e hokahanya ALU, li-counter, li-registering le karolo ea taolo ka bese e ka hare, 'me e hokela mohopolong oa kantle le li-circuits tsa sehokelo sa ho kenya / ho tsoa ka bese ea kantle.Bese ea kantle, eo hape e bitsoang "system bus", e arotsoe ka bese ea data DB, bese ea aterese ea AB le bese ea taolo ea CB, 'me e hokahane le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa peripheral ka potoloho ea li-input/output interface.

-Memori

Memori e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: memori ea data le memori ea lenaneo.

Memori ea data e sebelisoa ho boloka data mme polokelo ea lenaneo e sebelisetsoa ho boloka mananeo le li-parameter.

-Input/Output -Ho hokela kapa ho kganna disebediswa tse fapaneng

Lintlha tsa likhokahano tsa li-ports tsa phapanyetsano lipakeng tsa MCU le li-peripheral tse fapaneng, joalo ka UART, SPI, 12C, jj.

3 Sehlopha sa microcontroller

Ho latela palo ea li-bits, li-microcontroller li ka aroloa ka: 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, le 32-bit.Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, 32-bit e nka 55%, 8-bit e etsa 43%, 4-bit e etsa 2%, 'me 16-bit e etsa 1%.

Ho ka bonoa hore li-microcontrollers tsa 32-bit le 8-bit ke tsona tse sebelisoang haholo kajeno.
Phapang ea palo ea li-bits ha e emele li-microprocessors tse ntle kapa tse mpe, eseng palo e phahameng ea li-bits ho molemo ho feta microprocessor, 'me eseng ho fokotsa palo ea likotoana ho feta microprocessor.

Li-MCU tsa 8-bit li na le mekhoa e mengata;ba fana ka mananeo a bonolo, matla a matla le boholo ba sephutheloana se senyenyane (tse ling li na le lithapo tse tšeletseng feela).Empa li-microcontroller tsena hangata ha li sebelisoe bakeng sa mesebetsi ea marang-rang le ea puisano.

Li-protocol tse tloaelehileng haholo tsa marang-rang le mekotla ea software ea puisano ke 16- kapa 32-bit.Li-peripherals tsa puisano li teng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa 8-bit, empa 16- le 32-bit MCU hangata ke khetho e sebetsang haholoanyane.Leha ho le joalo, li-MCU tsa 8-bit hangata li sebelisoa bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea taolo, ho utloa, le lits'ebetso tsa sehokelo.

Ka meralo, li-microcontrollers li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: RISC (Likhomphutha tse Fokotsoeng tsa Taelo e Setehileng) le CISC (Likhomphutha tse Felletseng tsa Tataiso).

RISC ke microprocessor e sebelisang mefuta e fokolang ea litaelo tsa khomphutha mme e simolohile lilemong tsa bo-1980 ka MIPS mainframe (ke hore, mechini ea RISC), 'me li-microprocessors tse sebelisoang mecheng ea RISC ka kakaretso li bitsoa li-processor tsa RISC.Ka tsela ena, e khona ho etsa ts'ebetso ka lebelo le potlakileng (litaelo tse ling tse limilione motsotsoana, kapa MIPS).Hobane lik'homphieutha li hloka li-transistors tse eketsehileng le likarolo tsa potoloho ho phethahatsa mofuta o mong le o mong oa litaelo, k'homphieutha e kholoanyane e etsa hore microprocessor e rarahane le ho sebetsa butle-butle.

CISC e kenyelletsa li-microinstructions tse ngata tse nolofatsang ho theha mananeo a sebetsang ho processor.Litaelo li entsoe ka puo ea kopano, 'me mesebetsi e meng e tloaelehileng e qalileng ke software e kengoa ts'ebetsong ke sistimi ea litaelo tsa Hardware.Ka hona, mosebetsi oa moetsi oa mananeo o fokotsehile haholo, 'me mesebetsi e meng ea boemo bo tlaase e sebetsoa ka nako e le' ngoe nakong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea litaelo ho eketsa lebelo la ts'ebetso ea k'homphieutha, 'me tsamaiso ena e bitsoa tsamaiso e rarahaneng ea litaelo.

4 Kakaretso

Phephetso e kholo bakeng sa baenjiniere ba kajeno ba likoloi tsa motlakase ke ho haha ​​​​mohaho o theko e tlaase, o se nang mathata, 'me le haeba ho ka ba le ho hlōleha ho ka sebetsa tsamaiso ea likoloi, ts'ebetso ea koloi e ntlafala butle-butle ka nako eo, li-microcontroller li lebelletsoe ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. ea likarolo tsa taolo ea elektroniki ea likoloi.