Litšobotsi tsa Sehlahisoa

Baetapele ba pele haholo likarolong tse fapaneng tsa 'maraka oa li-analog

Har'a li-IC tsa analog, tsamaiso ea matla ke 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa o pota-potileng US $ 21.6 limilione tse likete kapa 42%;mmaraka oa ketane ea mats'oao ke US $ 14.3 bilione (28%) mme RF le 'maraka oa lihlahisoa tse ling o ka bang $15.8 billion, kapa 30%.Karolong ea amplifier, Texas Instruments e na le hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea 'maraka (29%), le ADENO ea bobeli (18%).Karolong ea converter data, ADENO ke moetapele ea feletseng, hona joale o tšoere halofo ea 'maraka oa data converter (48%) mme o na le nako e telele e etellang pele ho bahatelli ba eona.Tsamaisong ea matla, moetapele, Texas Instruments, o tšoere karolo e fetang kotara ea 'maraka (21%), le Qualcomm (15%), ADENO (13%), Maxim (12%), le Infineon (10%) ba nang le kabelo e tšoanang.

Kajeno, 'maraka o tlase oa liketane tsa matšoao o na le karolo e nyane ea elektronike ea bareki.ka 2015, karolo e ka tlaase ea op-amp chips e ne e le haholo-holo lipuisanong (36%) le indastering (33%), 'me lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki li nka karolo ea 8 feela lekholong.Mmaraka o tlase oa li-converter tsa data le ona o bile le karolo ea 50% ea thekiso ho indasteri, athe lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki li ne li etsa karolo ea 12 feela lekholong.

Indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, ho ea ka pono ea rona, esale e le kholo ea theknoloji e tsamaisoang ke tlhoko.Tlhokahalo e kholo ea liketane tsa matšoao ke ho sebelisana, matsatsing a pele a nts'etsopele ea li-analog chips lilemong tsa bo-60 le 70, liketane tsa matšoao li sebelisoa haholo ho theosa le indasteri, lisebelisoa tsa indasteri tse hokahantsoeng le likhomphutha hammoho le lits'ebetso tsa sefofane sa avionics, ho bapala mosebetsi. ea lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, lisebelisoa tsa sefofane le tšebelisano le lefatše le kantle.Ka mohlala, lifofane li na le li-sensor tse ngata tse thusang ha li fofa, tse lokelang ho sebetsoa ka lihlahisoa tsa ketane ea matšoao pele li romeloa ho tsamaiso ea digital.Ka nako e ts'oanang, lihlahisoa tse kopantsoeng li ka 'na tsa fokotsa boholo le litšenyehelo.Ka lebaka leo, tlhoko ea liketane tsa matšoao indastering ea bo-1960 le bo-1970 e ile ea tsamaisa kholo ea linatla tsa pele tsa analoge tse kang ADI le Texas Instruments.Lilemong tsa bo-1980-2000, tlhokahalo ea tšebelisano ho lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki e ile ea tloha matla ho ea ho matla, ka mokhoa o ts'oanang o tsamaisa kholo ea ketane ea matšoao ho theosa le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki.

Mmaraka oa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki o tšoauoa ka phetoho e potlakileng ea sehlahisoa le ho etelletsa pele litšenyehelo, ka hona ha ho bapisoa le ho nepahala ho holimo ho batloang ke 'maraka oa indasteri le lebelo le phahameng le batloang ke' maraka oa likhokahano, tlhoko ea 'maraka oa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki ke ea theko e tlase le potoloho e khuts'oane ea moralo. , 'me lihlahisoa tse kopantsoeng tsa ketane ea matšoao li loketse ho finyella tlhokahalo ho feta tse sa tloaelehang.

Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki e bile le karolo e lekanyelitsoeng ho tsoelapele ho phahamisa ho rarahana ha ketane ea matšoao.Ke hore, 1) ho ea ka pono ea ts'ebetso, li-microcontrollers tse kopantsoeng tsa data converter li khonne ho finyella litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa elektronike tsa bareki.2) ho ea ka pono ea litšenyehelo, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e ntseng e eketseha ea liselefouno, ho eketsa ho kopanya ho ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla hamolemo.3) ho tloha potolohong ea moralo, li-converter tsa data tse fapaneng, leha ts'ebetso e holimo, empa ho rarahana ha litlhoko tsa moralo oa sistimi ho feta, baetsi ba lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ba tlameha ho nahana ka lebelo le fapaneng, tharollo, tšebeliso ea matla le litaba tse ling, haeba bohle ba sebelisa lets'oao le hlakileng. chain chip, ho tla ba thata ho ikamahanya le tlhokahalo ea 'maraka e fetohang ka potlako.

Ka lebaka leo, lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa ketane ea lisebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki li kenyellelitsoe ho li-microcontrollers / SoCs, e leng se bakileng kholo ea lipalo-palo 'marakeng ona o tlase oa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki.

Liphetoho ho tsoakaneng ea lihlahisoa: taolo ea matla e ruang molemo kholong ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki le indasteri

Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1990, karolo ea lihlahisoa tsa ketane ea matšoao e fokotsehile butle-butle.ka 1981, li-amplifiers tse sebetsang li ne li nka karolo ea 19 lekholong ea 'maraka oa chip ea analog, ha ka 2018 palo ena e fokotsehile ho 6%' me 'maraka o ile oa hōla ho tloha ho $ 200 milione ho ea ho $ 3,5 limilione tse likete.Li-converter tsa digital-to-analog le tsona, ho tloha ka 1981 ho isa ho 2018, kabelo ea li-converter tsa digital-to-analog ho li-analog chips e fokotsehile ho tloha ho 19% ho ea ho 6%, 'me boholo ba mmaraka bo ile ba eketseha ho tloha ho US $ 300 milione ho ea ho US $ 3.9 bilione.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-chips tsa taolo ea matla li holile ka potlako ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1990, li hola ho ba karolo e kholo ea indasteri ea li-analog.ka 1981, 'maraka oa li-chips tsa taolo ea matla e ne e le $100 milione feela,' me kajeno, e se e le indasteri ea liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 25.Kabelo ea lichifi tsa taolo ea matla 'marakeng oa chip ea analog e eketsehile ka potlako ho tloha ho 8% ka 1981 le 9% ka 1995 ho isa ho 43% kajeno (2018).

Re lumela hore sena se susumetsoa ke tlhokahalo e tsoelang pele e ncha ea taolo ea motlakase lekaleng la bareki.Nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase o tlase, boima bo tlase le tse nkehang habonolo e lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea mahlale le litlhoko tsa phetolo ea matla.

Tlhokahalo ea ho boloka matla a tlase ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki e tsamaisa kholo ea indasteri ea li-chip tsa taolo ea matla.Ka kenyelletso ea likarolo tse ncha ho lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki, molumo, video, joalo-joalo, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki li ntse li tsoela pele ho rarahana le ho feta.Ha se feela hore tšebeliso ea matla ea lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki e ntse e eketseha letsatsi le leng le le leng le fetang, empa palo ea li-voltages tse hlokang ho tšehetsoa le eona e ntse e eketseha, ka nepo e hlokang li-chips tsa taolo ea matla tse ka eketsang katleho ea phetolo ea matla, le ho eketsa nako ea ho ema ha u ntse u ntlafatsa ho kopanya tšehetsa li-voltages tse ngata.Ho phaella moo, ha nts'etsopele ea matla a matla a betri ea lithium e fokotsehile, kahoo tsela e le 'ngoe feela ea ho batla katleho e tsoa ho chip ea tsamaiso ea matla.Ka hona, nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki e ntse e tsoela pele ho khanna baetsi ba li-analog chip ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa tsamaiso ea matla ka mesebetsi e rarahaneng haholoanyane, ts'ebetso e phahameng, le molumo o tlaase, ho khothalletsa kholo ea indasteri ea li-chip tsa tsamaiso ea matla ka kakaretso.

Tlhokahalo ea ho boloka motlakase lisebelisoa tse kholo tse sebelisang matla lekaleng la indasteri le eona e tsamaisitse kholo ea indasteri ea li-chip tsa taolo ea matla.Tšebeliso ea matla lefapheng la indasteri haholo-holo e tsoa ho li-motor le mabone.Li-motor ke lipompo, li-fan, li-compressor, mechine ea phetisetso, joalo-joalo. Matla a sebelisoang ke likoloi a etsa hoo e ka bang 80% ea matla a sebelisoang indastering.Ka hona, tlhokahalo ea ho boloka matla lekaleng la indasteri e khothalelitse li-chips tsa taolo ea motlakase ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea phetoho.Mohlala, ts'ebeliso ea li-motor tse nang le lebelo le fapaneng e ka boloka ho fihla ho 40% ea tšebeliso ea matla, mme ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse sebetsang hantle haholo li ka boloka ho fihla ho 35%, kaofela li tšehelitsoe ke lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa taolo ea matla.

Nakong e tlang, litlhoko tse ncha li tla tsoela pele ho tsamaisa nts'etsopele ea taolo ea matla, ho tloha taolong e bonolo ea pele ea mabone a LED ho ea ho litlhoko tsa motho ka mong tsa ho fifala ha kajeno le ho fetoha ha mebala, e leng ho behang pele litlhoko tse rarahaneng le tse bohlale tsa taolo bakeng sa li-chips tsa motlakase.Ho feta moo, lisebelisoa tse ling li ikamahanya le mokhoa oa ho nkeha, phepelo ea matla a thepa ho tloha ho phepelo ea matla a adaptara ho ea ho matla a betri, e tlisang tlhokahalo ea li-chip tse ngata tse tsamaisoang ke betri.

Ho fetola mekhoa ea khoebo: ho phahama ha li-chips tse thehiloeng ho kopo ho fokotsa bohlokoa ba masela a iketselitseng

Sebopeho sa li-chips tsa analoge tse tloaelehileng le tse thehiloeng ho ts'ebeliso li hanyetsanoa ho latela boholo ba thomello le boholo ba mmaraka.Mabapi le bophahamo ba thomello, karolo ea lichifi tse tloaelehileng tsa analog (64%) e phahame haholo ho feta ea lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa analog (36%), empa ho ea ka boholo ba mmaraka, ke lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa analog chips (62%) tse. e phahameng ho feta li-analog chips tse tloaelehileng (38%).Arolelana.

Re lumela hore li-analog chips tse thehiloeng ts'ebelisong li tobana le tlhokahalo e ikhethileng e nang le boleng bo holimo.Ts'ebetso le moralo oa meralo ke mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ho lisebelisoa tsa analog.Li-chips tse tloaelehileng tsa analog li entsoe ka kakaretso, ka meralo e fapana hanyane ho tloha ho moetsi ho ea ho moetsi, e bakang boleng bo tlase bo ekelitsoeng.Tlhōlisano pakeng tsa bahlahisi e itšetlehile haholo ka ts'ebetso le theknoloji 'me e hloka masela a mangata a iketselitseng.

Li-chips tse tloaelehileng tsa analog li tobane le tlhokahalo ea kakaretso e theko e tlase le e tlase, ka hona, tsepamisa maikutlo haholo ts'ebetsong.Theko e tlaase e finyelloa haholo-holo ka ho khutsufatsa ts'ebetso ea chip ho fokotsa bophara ba mohala, kahoo ho nolofalletsa boholo bo fokolang le litšenyehelo tse tlaase ka ts'ebetso e tšoanang.Matsatsing a pele, tlhoko e kholo ea lichifi tsa analoge e ne e le bakeng sa lichifi tse tloaelehileng tsa sepheo se akaretsang, mohlala, ADI e ile ea bokella melemo ea ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ka ho tsetela ka potlako ho aha limela lilemong tsa bo-80 le bo-90.

Lichifi tsa analoge tse shebaneng le ts'ebeliso li ne li tobane le litlhoko tse fapaneng haholo, ka hona li ne li sekametse moralong 'me li na le boleng bo holimo.Lilemong tsa morao, ha ho rarahana ha litsamaiso tsa elektronike ho ntse ho eketseha, ho itloaetsa ka mokhoa o khethehileng bakeng sa mofuta o itseng oa karolo ho ile ha e-ba bohlokoa le ho feta, haholo-holo lefapheng la indasteri moo bareki ba bangata ba neng ba e-na le litlhoko tse sa lumellaneng mabapi le lebelo, ho nepahala, ho kopanya, litšenyehelo le boholo, tse hlokang bahlahisi ba li-analog chip ho etsa khoebo ho fihlela katleho e felletseng, e neng e hloka hore basebetsi ba nang le boiphihlelo ba R&D ba etse moralo.Ho aha masela a bona ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso ho ile ha fetoha bohlokoa haholo mme ka lebaka leo, kamora 2000, ts'ebeliso ea chelete ea ADI e le peresente ea phallo ea chelete e sebetsang e fokotsehile haholo mme li-chips tse ngata li ile tsa fumanoa li sebelisa li-Foundries tsa TSMC.

Nakong e tlang, lichifi tsa analoge tse thehiloeng ho ts'ebeliso li tla etsa hore barekisi ba se ke ba atleha.Ho hlaha ha lits'ebetso tse kang TSMC le SMIC ho nolofalelitse lik'hamphani tsa chip ho qoba moroalo o moholo oa ho haha ​​​​masela le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho lisebelisoa tsa chip ka botsona, e leng se lebisang ho thehoeng ha masela a mangata a babatsehang (Fabless).Tlhahiso ea IC ea Mainland China e holile ho tloha ho US$5.66 bilione ka 2010 ho isa ho US$24.75 billion ka 2016, e leng sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa 28%, 'me palo ea lik'hamphani tse sa sebetseng e eketsehile ho tloha ho 569 ka 2012 ho ea ho 1,362 ka 2016. tlhokahalo ea ho eketseha ha lichifi tse thehiloeng ho kopo liindastering tse fapaneng, lik'hamphani tse sa sebetseng tse nang le moralo o motle le bokhoni ba nts'etsopele li lebelletsoe ho hlahella.